Thursday, February 24, 2011

I think I just figured out UBB (usage based billing)

See I've been reading about this via DSL Reports and Ars Technica and between their posts and a post by Peter Nowak I do believe I have this figured out.

1)  ISP's will not disclose data on congestion.
It's complicated but basically I believe congestion is created for political reasons.  Not to support UBB mind you but to leverage the most money out of content delivery networks like LimeLight and Akamai.  You'd have to do a lot of reading to see why I came to that conclusion but all my information stems from the discussion on NANOG around the Level(3)/Comcast dispute.

2)  Marginal cost for ISP's is falling.  Fixed costs are fixed.
High users of broadband don't really cost an ISP more money and we already know that.  Netflix and (many) others claim a cost of less than 3cents/GB and falling to deliver traffic.  So we know the ISP's are not proposing this to help cover the marginal cost of delivering a GB.  On the other hand fixed costs are probably not decreasing as fast as ISP's would like.

3)  ISP costs are tied to the price consumers pay.
I could look up a million economics theses supporting this or I could leave that as an exercise to the reader.

4)  The more subscribers an ISP has then the less each pays (since almost all costs are fixed).

5)  This encourages ISP's to pursue as many customers as possible at as high a density as possible.
Let's say it costs $250,000 to hook up a neighborhood.  Each house costs another $250 to set up individually.  Each GB costs 3cents (and falling!) to deliver.  Hmmm... I wonder which cost the ISP is most concerned with recovering?

6)  An ISP will deploy whatever methods it deems necessary to increase subscribers.
See this is arguably one of the great parts of capitalism.  The ISP actually wants to spread its costs out as much as possible so it will continue lowering its prices (and reaching new customers!) until...

7)  The bean-counters say it we go lower we might start losing money (or not making as much altogether).
Since the hardware costs cannot be lowered (I'm certain they've tried this approach as its the cheapest and least resistant) the ISP moves on to business strategies.

8)  Someone says "Hey, what if we charged some users more and some less?"
The conversation might go something like this:
Executive A:  "That's a great idea!  How do we do it?"
Executive B:  "It'll be like a toll road.  You already pay taxes but the more you use the more you pay."

Conclusion:  So the ISP in attempting to broaden its reach and connect the most households (subsidizing its costs and lowering its risk through a greater pool of customers) has developed what it describes as a "fair" billing system.  There are other details like how an ISP wouldn't want wholesale customers competing with itself but this is basically the situation and the motivations as far as I can tell.  Whether this is fair or an appropriate solution to the ISP's incessant search for improved efficiency is ultimately up to you.

Friday, February 18, 2011

Either it is or it is not.

Two possible reasons for running across the "error: Error parsing XML: unbound prefix" issue on building your Android app.

1)  You have not properly specified an XML namespace for Android to use.  Fixing this is easy, just add

"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                                              "

immediately after the opening of the first LinearLayout tag at the top of your document.  This will allow the interpreter to parse the rest of your document and recognize the android: properties.

2)  You have an error in your XML that is very likely a spelling mistake.  When I was searching for this I was confused because it repeatedly specified the opening of the XML tag which was on a seperate line from the actual misspelling.  I had to go down three lines to where I had specified andriod:id rather than android:id.

Hopefully this helps someone!  :)